Page 144 - Keeyask_ArchaeologyPhotoBook_WebVersion

Glossary of Terms

archaeological site any location at which there are material Burin small tool created when a blow is struck crossways to feature a distinctive element encountered on the surface
remains, including artifacts, features, or ecofacts, proving one of the edges rather than into the interior of the tool, of the ground or during a survey that is not in itself an
evidence of the human past. creating a sturdy chisel-like tip, useful for working antler, archaeological object. Examples of features could include
archaeological survey methods the methods used by ivory, and bone. postholes, storage pits, middens, caches, areas used for
archaeologists to locate, identify, and record the campsite as indicated by the presence of lithic flakes and stone flaking, collapsed dwellings or burial grounds.
distribution and nature of archaeological sites on the tools, pottery fragments, hearths, bone fragments, etc. fire-cracked rock (FCR) cobbles and other pieces of rock
landscape. chitho a disk-shaped biface that is often used for softening that have been heated to the point where they fracture
archaeology the study of past human behavior and culture hides. and are common by-products of cooking in open fires
through the analysis of material remains. Clearwater Lake a Late Woodland pottery style that is and found at many sites.
Archaic a period from ca. 3,000-10,000 years ago that is named after a lake in northern Manitoba. This ceramic flake a thin chip of stone detached from either a larger flake
recognized in most North American culture areas except style is considered to have risen form the Selkirk or a core by the application of pressure or a blow, the
those of the West Coast and the Arctic. In Manitoba, Complex approximately 700 years ago and continued byproduct of stone tool manufacturing.
the term is most used about a period (ca. 2,000 to 7,000 until European contact in the boreal forest of central flesher a chisel-shaped, often toothed implement of bone,
years ago) in the prehistory of the forested portion of Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and northwestern Ontario. stone or metal used to remove the fat and flesh from the
the province after the Palaeo Period and prior to the coil technique a pottery-making technique in which vessels inner surface of a freshly skinned hide.
Woodland. are built up by coiling rolled lengths of clay, and then the Glaciation an expansion of the polar ice caps and the
arctic small tool (pre-Dorset) The arctic small tool interior and exterior surfaces are scraped and smoothed covering of portions of the earth with large masses of ice
tradition, in general, is characterized by small, delicately with a piece of gourd, a pottery sherd, or other tool. This and snow.
crafted projectile points, blades and burins which are technique is typically associated with Initial Woodland hearth all elements that provide proof of the existence of a
generally no more than 5 cm in length and accordingly, (Laurel) pottery in Manitoba, ca. 1,000-2,200 years ago. fire in an area, be it a fire for cooking, for warmth or for
termed microlithic. The bow and arrow, which has complex a grouping of related and/or linked traits, features light. This may be simply the presence of ashes, charcoal,
become the hallmark of Indigenous people was probably and artifacts which comprise a complete process, activity, earth blackened by fire, stones arranged in a circle, stones
introduced by Pre-Dorset groups prior to the Woodland or cultural unit. shattered by heat, burned bones or a baked clay floor.
Period, when this weapon became prevalent throughout
the continent. core a stone in which flakes (chips) have been removed in Historic period an archaeological period that begins when
artifact any portable object used, manufactured, or the production of tool making. written records about the past are available; in North
America this is associated with European contact.
modified by humans that includes stone, ceramic, metal, excavation involves the slow and careful removal of soil,
wood, bone, or objects of other materials. sediment, or rock that covers artifacts or other evidence in-situ unmoved from the original position; describing
biface chipped stone tool that has been worked on both of human activity while exacting measurement and artifacts that are the best candidates for archaeological
study because context and association are known.
recording of artifact location.
surfaces rather than merely being retouched at the edges
Blackduck culture Late Woodland ceramic style beginning fabric-impressed ceramics a type of pottery in which isolated find a single artifact, unassociated with other
artifacts or features, usually recovered from the surface
a woven fabric design has been pressed into the wet
about ca. 1,200 years ago and continuing until European clay surface. Typically associated with Late Woodland during an archaeological survey; usually not considered
contact that is found in Ontario, northern Minnesota, (Blackduck, Clearwater Lake, and Selkirk) pottery ca. by itself sufficient evidence of an archaeological site.
and central Manitoba. A lake in Minnesota lent its name 1,200 years ago-to European contact.
to this distinct Terminal Woodland culture. Lake Agassiz pro-glacial lake formed by the melt water of
body sherd fragment of the body of a ceramic vessel which faunal remains these are most often the hard tissues of the Wisconsin ice sheet which dominated the southern
half of Manitoba between approximately 8,000 – 12,000
birds, fish and animals that survive as archaeological
has no decoration. objects. years ago. At one time this lake was bigger than all the
present-day Great Lakes combined.
136